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  What is a Monoclonal antibody? It is termed as Mono specific Antibody. An antibody is made by cloning a particular white blood cell. It is identical to immune cells. They are particularly targeted to particular antigens or particular cells. It won’t bind with different types of antibodies. Antibodies help our body to recognize and attack the germs if it enters in your body. Monoclonal antibodies are created in the lab, and it is given either by injection or an infusion.  Monoclonal Antibody Synthesis: Monoclonal antibodies are produced using hybridoma technology . Now what is hybridoma technology? First an antigen is created from which the monoclonal antibody will be produced. Then a lab species specially rat is injected with that antigen after immunizing this mouse would generate B cells in the spleen after some days those B cells will be extracted and cultured. But these B cells don't live long, so the monoclonal antibodies will be produced for a limited period o...

Peptide is a polymer of Amino Acids. Biologically occurring polypeptides range in size. Two Amino Acid molecules can be covalently joined using amino lipid. This is termed as peptide bond. Peptides are made with building blocks of amino acids. This is simpler than protein. That is why the body can consume peptides more easily than protiens. You can buy high quality peptides in Europe   from us. Synthesis of peptides: There are few steps in peptide synthesis: 1.Protection of Amino acids by Benzyloxy carbonyl chloride 2.Then activating Carboxyl (-COOH) group by changing it  into COCl using ThyonylChloride 3.Formation of Peptide bond  4.Removal of protecting group by Catalytic Reduction. Peptide as Drug: There are different kinds of peptides present, but each kind of peptides have different characteristics so before consuming we need to know about their uses.  Vasopressin (Antidiuretic hormone, it can be given by Iv route but not suitable for oral route) C...